Partitioning Your Hard Drive

Category: Hard Drives

"I just got a new computer and I'm wondering about hard drive partitioning strategies. A friend told me to create a very small C: partition for a swap file, put Windows on the D: drive, and create several other parititions for different types of data. Is this a good idea?"


How to Partition Your Hard Drive

hard drive partitioning In general, I disagree with the idea of having multiple partitions on a hard drive. Unless you are running a dual-boot system, with one partition for Windows, and another for Linux or Mac OS, I recommend that you stick with one large partition.

Years ago, some hard drive controllers, as well as older versions of the Windows and Mac operating systems, could not accomodate a hard drive partition larger than 2 GB. If you had a hard drive larger than 2GB, you needed multiple partitions to make use of the full capacity of the drive. So a 10GB drive required five 2GB partitions, which would end up being the C:, D:, E:, F: and G: drives on a Windows computer. But the hardware and software to support large hard drives has been around for over a decade now, and these gyrations are no longer necessary.

Windows, Mac OS and Linux can all handle partitions of almost any size, even the multi-terabyte drives that are just showing up on the market. (See also: What is a Terabyte?)

Partitioning Myth #1

Some people go hog-wild with partitioning, and advise people to create one partition for the operating system, another for the Windows swap file, and still other partitions for installed software, music and photos. The rationale is usually along the lines that if your Windows operating system gets hosed by viruses or spyware, then you can simply re-install Windows and your programs will be safe on another partition. But they're forgetting about the Windows Registry, which tells Windows where all the user-installed software resides on the hard drive. If the Registry gets whacked by a virus, or you re-install Windows, ALL of your software will have to be re-installed.

Another problem with the "operating system on C: and programs on D:" idea is that some programs don't even ASK where you want to install them. They just plop themselves down on the C: drive. And if you blindly copy them to the D: drive, they may not work, due to Registry problems. And even if the installer does give you a choice, the C: drive is always the default. Novice or casual users will probably not remember to change the target drive to D: or E: and the result will be a mishmash of programs installed on multiple partitions.

Partitioning Myth #2

Some people think that having a separate partition for the swap file will help with performance. But everything I've read about this indicates just the opposite. Your system performance will be optimized when the swap file is on the same partition as the operating system, because that mimimizes the movement of drive head. And what if you make your Windows or swap file partitions too small? It's easy to underestimate the amount of space the operating system will need over time, or how large the swap file might grow. And it's NOT easy to tweak the size of a partition if you run out of space.

Partitioning Myth #3

Others claim that putting Windows on some drive other than C: will provide protection from malware because hackers are stupid and always target the C: drive. Well that's just not true. If you want to protect yourself from viruses, spyware and other threats, practive safe computing habits and install some good anti-malware protection.

Along those lines, I recommend that you read my Free Anti-Virus Programs article, follow up with more info on Anti-Malware Tools and then get an answer to the question Do I Need a Firewall?

Just One Partition?

There are other reasons why I disagree with the multiple partitions school of thought. First of all, it makes using and maintaining your computer that much harder. You'll always have to remember where things are supposed to be stored. "Uhh, do I put Photos on the D: drive, and Music on the E: drive? Or is it Programs on the D: drive, Music on the E: drive, and Photos on the F: drive? Aaauuugggh!" With a single partition, you have a lot less hassle.

Also, tasks like defragging your drive and backing up your files become more of a chore. And again, if you "outgrow" a partition, it's not trivial to make it larger, because you can't simply shrink or grow partitions at will. There is software that allows you to change the size of an existing partition, but in order to do so, you need to move entire partitions around on your drive, and that can be time consuming. Oh, and if you think backing up one partition into another partition on the same disk is a good idea, think again. If the drive fails because of a power surge, head crash or other mechanical defect, ALL of your partitions will be lost. Always backup on a separate drive or external media.

Modern operating systems are very smart when it comes to managing large amounts on data on a hard drive. They don't need multiple partitions to take full advantage of the hardware, organize your files, improve performance, or enhance your security. Give your OS one big chunk of disk space, organize it with as many folders as you like, and let it do its thing!

Agree or disagree with my advice on partitioning? Post a comment below...




Send this article to a friend.
Jump to the Comments section.
Follow me on Twitter.
Buy Bob a Snickers.
Check out other articles in this category:

Posted by Bob Rankin on August 12, 2008 08:55 PM


Need More Help? Try the AskBobRankin Updates Newsletter. It's Free!

Prev Article:
Online Photo Editing
Send this article to a friend
The Top Twenty
Next Article:
Free Internet Faxing

Link to this article from your site or blog. Just copy and paste from this box:

Related Keywords: Hard Drives   disk   partition   swap file   malware   defrag   backup  

Most recent comments on "Partitioning Your Hard Drive"

(See all 24 comments for this article.)

Posted by:
Um
10 Sep 2008

I disagree only a little bit. Suppose I have C: for Windows, and D: for Data. When I want to do a clean install for Windows I just delete C: and re-install Windows or ghost the partition there. D is untouched so I don't need to backup my music/data, then copy them back again later. Well, I tend to re-install once a year for speed.


Posted by:
Keith B.
29 Sep 2008

I'm a DJ with (approx) 475k(+) song-files on 6 diff twrs each with 3-250gb & 1-500gb drvs. Two or 3 times per year I need to re-format & re-load MicWins' curse on several of my p.c.'s & now, I want to partition to save massive amounts of copying time. I am bldg another twr with 2-750gb Seagate SATA drvs (32mb cache). I have partitioned & installed OS's on literally hundreds of IDE drvs, yet, not one SATA drv (I need to keep moving forward). Any advise??

EDITOR'S NOTE: Partitioning a SATA drive should be no different than on an IDE drive.


Posted by:
Gerold Manders
04 Nov 2008

Also disagreeing here, Bob. My system is running as good as when it was installed 3,5 years ago. No reformat necessary, just a decent partitioning schema together with decent defrag software and a tool 'eRunNT' (makes a backup of your registry).

Regular registry backups saved my bacon once or twice, I have to admit but putting such a backup back and all problems were gone. My harddisk is divided up into 4 partitions (C=Windows, D=Programs, E=MyData, F=Temporary files and Swap).

It never takes more than 15 minutes to defrag C and D partition (with the most extensive defrag options enabled), because not a lot of files are moved/created/deleted there. I am a software junkie and (de-)install a lot, but as I said earlier...my system runs already for 3,5 years.

When I'm reading my mail in the morning my C and D partitions are defragged in the background and once a month I do a defrag from E and F (after a cleanup ofcourse) at night. This way I don't have to keep my machine running all day and all night, which saves in the power bill, I might add!).


Posted by:
Adrian
04 Nov 2008

Great article as usual Bob. I used to be into partitions. But these days prefer to use separate HDD. All the advantages, with better crash protection. Can even have an OS for each one if you like, as long as they can read each others file systems, no worries. Just about bullet proof! (: Keep up the good work m8.


Posted by:
bob
04 Nov 2008

Disagree w Bob. I create ~20 GB partition for the system.
Then a separate d: partition for data and documents, as well as an E: and possibly others for random crap.

The C drive is reserved for what I deem my normal and "essential" programs and utilities. All my data is on D:; all documents, Outlook psts, downloads, etc. I install non-essential stuff, like iTunes, VMware, test stuff, etc, on the E: partition.

This works great for me. I admit, however, that for my family I usually just install them into one partition.


Posted by:
Chas
04 Nov 2008

I partitioned one of my hard disks into C and D drives respectively. C drive (30GB) holds Windows and installed programs whereas D (470GB) has all my data. Thus it's a piece of cake to do fast automated nightly backups of C drive to a different physical disk.


Posted by:
Tom
08 Nov 2008

Disagree Bob, but I'm an experienced user. Keeping only windows and apps that MUST be on the C drive makes my weekly imaging to DVD much quicker and allows me to use only one disk for the image. The other partitions don't see nearly as many changes and thus need backing up/imaging less often.


Posted by:
P D Sterling
01 Dec 2008

this was a very helpful article; I was wondering about partitioning, but I forget that Uncle Bill and the elves are making life better for us all the time.

FWIW, I like 2 HDs, one for applications and the stuff Windows generates, and one for data only. has worked for me for years. I had both drives fail sequentially, oddly I had just backed up the data and it fried. No prob.

Month later, the C:\ drive fried. With bookmarks and address books backed up, almost no prob, but a pain to re-install all the little applications I had picked up here and there. Note, of course, that I have bought and paid for Windows and Office in my hot little hands.


Posted by:
recca012
09 Dec 2008

I agree 50%. Putting swap or pagefile in another partition in the same disk is not a good idea since its just make the disk head more busy. But putting it into another disk drive is good since its use another disk head to write and read and will increase performance. i also dont recommend to install programs on separate partition as this will also increase seek time.

I disagree for the next 50%. Having only 1 partition on a single disk drive may invite many trouble to come. if some powerloss occur and that only partition that hold everythings is going to corrupt (corrupted mft or boot sector maybe), and chkdsk cant theorically solve that, then the new empty hardisk is waiting (means the data is unrecoverable). all 5-years effort to collect all that mp3 and movie will be such a waste. n i found that having multiple partition but not too many, will help manage the file in the better way, even beginer have the same feeling like this. we set c: as windows only(swap file n programs also) and d: as data only(mp3, movies, installer etc), we absolutely can easily remember on which partition the data resides. we dont have to remember our data in a folder that resides deep in the single partition. this will also decrease the size of mft for 1 partition and will prevent the mft to be easily fragmented. also if the single partition become fragmented, the partition will take much time to be defrag than having multiple partition. we know which drive to defrag and skip the aprtition that is not heavily fragmented. also when a single file become fragmented, the fragment piece will scatter throughout the drive. let say explorer.exe is fragmented and 2 piece in the top, 5 piece in the middle and the other piece separately in the bottom. explorer.exe will take much time to load as the disk head need to travel far from top to bottom of disk just for 1 file.


Posted by:
John P
17 Feb 2009

Guru Bob, When my FAT32 vs NTFS searches yielded (in technical terms) oodles and gobs of hits, and I saw the name Bob Rankin, I naturally checked this article first.

Interestingly, in spite of the article title ("Partitioning Your Hard Drive") and especially the first major section of the article ("How to Partition Your Hard Drive"), the article is about whether to (viz., why NOT to) partition a hard drive: It includes NO information on HOW to partition a hard drive.

For those of us who, after reading and considering your sage advice, still (think we) have a legitimate reason for partitioning a hard drive, could/would you tell us HOW to do so -- PLEASE? (If you have done so somewhere else, and I missed it, I apologize.)

EDITOR'S NOTE: In http://askbobrankin.com/changing_disk_partitions.html I mentioned that Windows has a command line utility called Diskpart, which I recommend for experts. Other commercially available and user-friendly programs for managing partitions include Partition Magic and Acronis Partition Expert.


There's more reader feedback... See all 24 comments for this article.

Post your Comments, Questions or Suggestions

*     *     (* = Required field)

    (Your email address will not be published)
(you may use HTML tags for style)

YES... spelling, punctuation, grammar and proper use of UPPER/lower case are important! And please limit your remarks to 3-4 paragraphs. If you want to see your comment posted, pay attention to these items.

All comments are previewed, and may be edited before posting.

NOTE: Please, post comments on this article ONLY.
If you want to ask a question click here.


Ask Bob Rankin Home Page
RSS   Add to My Yahoo!   Subscribe in NewsGator Online   Feedburner Feed
Subscribe to AskBobRankin Updates: Free Newsletter
Copyright © 2005 - Bob Rankin - All Rights Reserved


Article information: AskBobRankin -- Partitioning Your Hard Drive (Posted: August 12, 2008 08:55 PM)
Printed from: http://askbobrankin.com/partitioning_your_hard_drive.html
Copyright © 2005 - Bob Rankin - All Rights Reserved