Partitioning Your Hard Drive
"I just got a new computer and I'm wondering about hard drive partitioning strategies. A friend told me to create a very small C: partition for a swap file, put Windows on the D: drive, and create several other parititions for different types of data. Is this a good idea?"
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How to Partition Your Hard Drive
In general, I disagree with the idea of having multiple partitions on a hard drive. Unless you are running a dual-boot system, with one partition for Windows, and another for Linux or Mac OS, I recommend that you stick with one large partition.
Years ago, some hard drive controllers, as well as older versions of the Windows and Mac operating systems, could not accomodate a hard drive partition larger than 2 GB. If you had a hard drive larger than 2GB, you needed multiple partitions to make use of the full capacity of the drive. So a 10GB drive required five 2GB partitions, which would end up being the C:, D:, E:, F: and G: drives on a Windows computer. But the hardware and software to support large hard drives has been around for over a decade now, and these gyrations are no longer necessary.
Windows, Mac OS and Linux can all handle partitions of almost any size, even the multi-terabyte drives that are just showing up on the market. (See also: What is a Terabyte?)
Partitioning Myth #1
Some people go hog-wild with partitioning, and advise people to create one partition for the operating system, another for the Windows swap file, and still other partitions for installed software, music and photos. The rationale is usually along the lines that if your Windows operating system gets hosed by viruses or spyware, then you can simply re-install Windows and your programs will be safe on another partition. But they're forgetting about the Windows Registry, which tells Windows where all the user-installed software resides on the hard drive. If the Registry gets whacked by a virus, or you re-install Windows, ALL of your software will have to be re-installed.
Another problem with the "operating system on C: and programs on D:" idea is that some programs don't even ASK where you want to install them. They just plop themselves down on the C: drive. And if you blindly copy them to the D: drive, they may not work, due to Registry problems. And even if the installer does give you a choice, the C: drive is always the default. Novice or casual users will probably not remember to change the target drive to D: or E: and the result will be a mishmash of programs installed on multiple partitions.
Partitioning Myth #2
Some people think that having a separate partition for the swap file will help with performance. But everything I've read about this indicates just the opposite. Your system performance will be optimized when the swap file is on the same partition as the operating system, because that mimimizes the movement of drive head. And what if you make your Windows or swap file partitions too small? It's easy to underestimate the amount of space the operating system will need over time, or how large the swap file might grow. And it's NOT easy to tweak the size of a partition if you run out of space.
Partitioning Myth #3
Others claim that putting Windows on some drive other than C: will provide protection from malware because hackers are stupid and always target the C: drive. Well that's just not true. If you want to protect yourself from viruses, spyware and other threats, practive safe computing habits and install some good anti-malware protection.Along those lines, I recommend that you read my Free Anti-Virus Programs article, follow up with more info on Anti-Malware Tools and then get an answer to the question Do I Need a Firewall?
Just One Partition?
There are other reasons why I disagree with the multiple partitions school of thought. First of all, it makes using and maintaining your computer that much harder. You'll always have to remember where things are supposed to be stored. "Uhh, do I put Photos on the D: drive, and Music on the E: drive? Or is it Programs on the D: drive, Music on the E: drive, and Photos on the F: drive? Aaauuugggh!" With a single partition, you have a lot less hassle.Also, tasks like defragging your drive and backing up your files become more of a chore. And again, if you "outgrow" a partition, it's not trivial to make it larger, because you can't simply shrink or grow partitions at will. There is software that allows you to change the size of an existing partition, but in order to do so, you need to move entire partitions around on your drive, and that can be time consuming. Oh, and if you think backing up one partition into another partition on the same disk is a good idea, think again. If the drive fails because of a power surge, head crash or other mechanical defect, ALL of your partitions will be lost. Always backup on a separate drive or external media.
Modern operating systems are very smart when it comes to managing large amounts on data on a hard drive. They don't need multiple partitions to take full advantage of the hardware, organize your files, improve performance, or enhance your security. Give your OS one big chunk of disk space, organize it with as many folders as you like, and let it do its thing!
Agree or disagree with my advice on partitioning? Post a comment below...
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Posted by Bob Rankin on August 12, 2008 08:55 PM
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Most recent comments on "Partitioning Your Hard Drive"
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I have a question with my new Hard Disk. I bought it yesterday and I tried it yesterday. It was a SATA HDD. So I connected it to the appropriate HDD slots and booted my PC. But the computer doesnt show up my new HDD in the Computer Management dialog box. It just displays a device named VIA Seriel ATA RAID Controller ( and a uestion mark) in the Device Manager Dialog Box. What should I do to make my HDD work normal? HELP ME PLEASE. EDITOR'S NOTE: Does it show up in the BIOS messages during boot up? I'd go into the BIOS Setup and see if the device is listed. There may be an option to enable SATA. |
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Partition according to your needs! |
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I disagree only a little bit. Suppose I have C: for Windows, and D: for Data. When I want to do a clean install for Windows I just delete C: and re-install Windows or ghost the partition there. D is untouched so I don't need to backup my music/data, then copy them back again later. Well, I tend to re-install once a year for speed. |
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I'm a DJ with (approx) 475k(+) song-files on 6 diff twrs each with 3-250gb & 1-500gb drvs. Two or 3 times per year I need to re-format & re-load MicWins' curse on several of my p.c.'s & now, I want to partition to save massive amounts of copying time. I am bldg another twr with 2-750gb Seagate SATA drvs (32mb cache). I have partitioned & installed OS's on literally hundreds of IDE drvs, yet, not one SATA drv (I need to keep moving forward). Any advise?? EDITOR'S NOTE: Partitioning a SATA drive should be no different than on an IDE drive. |
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Also disagreeing here, Bob. My system is running as good as when it was installed 3,5 years ago. No reformat necessary, just a decent partitioning schema together with decent defrag software and a tool 'eRunNT' (makes a backup of your registry). Regular registry backups saved my bacon once or twice, I have to admit but putting such a backup back and all problems were gone. My harddisk is divided up into 4 partitions (C=Windows, D=Programs, E=MyData, F=Temporary files and Swap). It never takes more than 15 minutes to defrag C and D partition (with the most extensive defrag options enabled), because not a lot of files are moved/created/deleted there. I am a software junkie and (de-)install a lot, but as I said earlier...my system runs already for 3,5 years. When I'm reading my mail in the morning my C and D partitions are defragged in the background and once a month I do a defrag from E and F (after a cleanup ofcourse) at night. This way I don't have to keep my machine running all day and all night, which saves in the power bill, I might add!). |
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Great article as usual Bob. I used to be into partitions. But these days prefer to use separate HDD. All the advantages, with better crash protection. Can even have an OS for each one if you like, as long as they can read each others file systems, no worries. Just about bullet proof! (: Keep up the good work m8. |
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Disagree w Bob. I create ~20 GB partition for the system. The C drive is reserved for what I deem my normal and "essential" programs and utilities. All my data is on D:; all documents, Outlook psts, downloads, etc. I install non-essential stuff, like iTunes, VMware, test stuff, etc, on the E: partition. This works great for me. I admit, however, that for my family I usually just install them into one partition. |
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I partitioned one of my hard disks into C and D drives respectively. C drive (30GB) holds Windows and installed programs whereas D (470GB) has all my data. Thus it's a piece of cake to do fast automated nightly backups of C drive to a different physical disk. |
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Disagree Bob, but I'm an experienced user. Keeping only windows and apps that MUST be on the C drive makes my weekly imaging to DVD much quicker and allows me to use only one disk for the image. The other partitions don't see nearly as many changes and thus need backing up/imaging less often. |
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this was a very helpful article; I was wondering about partitioning, but I forget that Uncle Bill and the elves are making life better for us all the time. FWIW, I like 2 HDs, one for applications and the stuff Windows generates, and one for data only. has worked for me for years. I had both drives fail sequentially, oddly I had just backed up the data and it fried. No prob. Month later, the C:\ drive fried. With bookmarks and address books backed up, almost no prob, but a pain to re-install all the little applications I had picked up here and there. Note, of course, that I have bought and paid for Windows and Office in my hot little hands. |
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