Hard Drive Data Recovery
Unlike diamonds, hard drives are not forever. It's very likely that someday you'll start your computer, and instead of the familiar startup screen, you'll see one of these ominous messages: DISK BOOT FAILURE... NO FIXED DISK PRESENT... ERROR READING FIXED DISK... or HARD DRIVE FAILURE. Don't panic just yet, there may be hope for recovery of that damaged hard drive... |
My Hard Drive Died! -- Recovering From Hard Drive Failure
If you've ever lost an important file because of a hard drive crash, you know the pain. That final project you worked on so hard, the spreadsheet that has be in your boss's inbox in the morning, or those photos of Grandma taken at her 102nd birthday -- all gone in an instant, thanks to a hard drive failure. But those scary looking messages are not always the final word. Before you take a sledge hammer to your hard drive, try these hard drive data recovery steps.
The first step is to determine if it really is hard drive failure you are experiencing. Did you install any new hardware since your last successful boot-up? If so, unplug those devices and try to re-boot.
No go? OK, if you're running Windows, try to start up in Safe Mode. Reboot your PC, and hit the F8 key when the computer is starting up. Choose the option to go into Safe Mode. If you can get to the Windows login screen, you are probably having a software problem, not hard drive failure. You can do a re-install of Windows to get to your files (see Recovery Console) or you can use Windows' System Restore feature to get your PC up and running again.

In some cases a damaged master boot record or partition table can render a disk unbootable, but all the data is still intact. See my article Fix MBR for some help with that relatively simple repair job. In one case, my hard drive got totally mucked up, and neither the FIXMBR nor FIXBOOT commands could restore the drive to working order. But I found a wonderful program called TESTDISK that was able to analyze the disk and recreate both the partition table and the boot record. I was certain that all the data was lost, but TESTDISK did the job for me.
Check Under The Hood
What if you can't get into Safe Mode? There are still a couple of options available. Unplug everything (the power plug and ALL the cables) from the computer. Now pop open your computer's system unit and try to reseat the hard drive. It might look scary at first, but there's nothing inside a computer that will bite you. Take a look at the pictures in my article Add a Second Hard Drive to familiarize yourself with the components you'll be looking for -- the hard drive, the motherboard connectors (IDE or SATA) and the cables that connect the hard drive to the motherboard.
Unplug and reseat the all the cables that plug into the hard drive, then follow the cable to the motherboard and reseat that end as well. It's possible that the cable was just loose, and your drive will work fine after this simple procedure. You can also try swapping the IDE or SATA slot that the drive plugs into. Look for connectors on the motherboard labelled IDE1 and IDE2, or SATA0 and SATA1. Move the cable from one plug to the other, restart the system and hope for the best. If all the above options fail you can assume your computer wasn't lying, the hard drive is faulty. There are methods available to try and get your data back.
Hard Drive Data Recovery
The practice of retrieving data from damaged or inoperable disk drives is known as data recovery. Data recovery experts have a thriving business. Just like a car, a computer can break down and parts wear out. Hard drives are no exception. Because of this potential for failure, backing up crucial data to an external source other than your hard drive is essential. (For backup help, see my article Free Backup Solutions.) For now, let's assume you have hard drive failure with no backups of your files, and focus on what you can do to recover your data.
There are programs available online that can be downloaded to aid in data recovery. One program is Inspector File Recovery, which will help to recover Windows files. The program is free, however you do need to have a secondary hard drive installed with a Windows OS on it. Installation is user-friendly, and after install the program will prompt you through several data reconstruction options. Another program is TOKIWA's Data Recovery. With Tokiwa's program, you do not need the secondary hard drive; you can download the program to a USB drive or a floppy disk and run it on the PC that the unreadable drive is attached to. For Mac users, ProSoft's website offers Data Rescue, an application with a free trial download to recover Mac files.
There are also a range of web-based data recovery sites that you can access (from a working, Internet-connected PC, that is). These are remote data recovery sites. OnTrack is one site that provides this service. They offer remote web-based recovery that will scan your failing drive and try to recover lost data. Another data recovery company is Web Recover, which will attempt to recover your data through a web browser.
Data Recovery Services
Bear in mind, whether you use the downloadable recovery programs, or the web-based ones, there are no guarantees that your data can be reclaimed. The above programs and services will be able to recover your data, provided your hard drive problem is not a purely mechanical one. Often, drive failure error messages stem from a bad sector or failing partition on the drive. If data recovery programs aren't working for you, and in addition, you are hearing any strange noises coming from the drive, or if BIOS cannot recognize the drive, then you are looking at mechanical disk drive failure. If it's imperative that you retrieve data from a drive that is physically damaged, there is still hope. OnTrack and other data recovery companies give you the option of sending the damaged drive to their engineers who will evaluate your hard disk, extract a file listing from it, and will retrieve any data possible. This type of service ain't cheap, though. The standard evaluation cost is US$100. Afterwards, the actual data recovery fee can run anywhere from $500 to $2500 depending on the amount of data and labor involved.
Just remember, a "hard drive failure" error message does not necessarily mean all is lost. You have a range of tips, tools and techniques that may bring the drive back to life, or at least help you recover some of your important data.
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Posted by Bob Rankin on 24 Jun 2011
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Most recent comments on "Hard Drive Data Recovery"
Posted by:
suhail gupta
24 Jun 2011
This post will surely prove to be very helpful
Posted by:
David Canfield
24 Jun 2011
I recently had an issue where once I turned on my computer or re-booted it, it would take over 5 minutes before it would even START to load Windows. I was told that this was likely an indication that the hard disk was about to fail.
I replaced it, and restored my OS and data from an image backup I made before the disk swap. But I still had the same issue.
Then someone asked if I had added any USB devices lately. That brought to mind that I had recently bought a new Cannon printer. I didn't know if the dates of the boot problem exactly matched when I installed the printer, but it was in the same general time frame.
I unplugged the printer, and it booted in a very normal and timely manner. It appears that the printer has enough intelligence built into it that it appeared to be another bootable USB drive, and the computer was trying to boot from it. After a period of time without being able to "boot" from the printer, it would go onto the next bootable device, which was my C: drive, where it would finally find Windows, and continue the boot process successfully.
I had to go into the BIOS and turn off Legacy USB support, and all works fine for now.
So Bob's comments to look at other external factors is right on the mark.
David
Posted by:
Stephen Earle
24 Jun 2011
Bob, I enjoy your articles, have investigated many of your tips, and used several - thanks! Here's one for you: For the temporary recovery of a file or files (until the whole drive can be rescued), one can download a "live" CD of the Knoppix OS (one flavor of Linux - horror of horrors!), boot from the CD, navigate to the target file, and copy it off to a USB, secondary CD or up into the Cloud (Internet access and browser is available within Knoppix).
This process is not entirely intuitive to a hard-line Windows user, but simple enough with a little guidance and/or a short tutorial. A rehearsal should make it plain how this works. An interim solution for the spreadsheet that's due yesterday when you discover your drive's toast at 5 A.M. on your way out the door to catch the bus. It works very well for manipulating non-system Windows files. Check it out: http://www.knopper.net/knoppix/index-en.html
Thanks and Regards, keep up the good work,
Stephen Earle
Posted by:
Jay Zeltzer
25 Jun 2011
Bob, I also enjoy your articles and appreciate what you do for us; thank you!
I experienced hard drive failures until I purchased SpinRite v. 6.0 from Gibson Research [http://www.grc.com]. SpinRite helped me several times to recover all of my hard drive data. One of the 'biggest bang for the buck' pieces of software I could buy.
Best,
Jay
Posted by:
Diane
25 Jun 2011
Thank you for your articles. I look forward to reading them and the educational info they contain. I wish I had of been on board to learning more about my computer and taking preventative measures before I lost everything on my hard drive. When my computer failed to boot and I was faced with only a black screen, I took it to a technician for repair I was told that when they tried to recover my data, "it was unrecognizable" as a computer or anything else that could be read. Since I purchased (for the first time ever) extended warranty, I was given a new hard drive and hope for a future full of back up files, etc! I hope someone else can learn from my naive assumption that MY computer was indestructible too.
Posted by:
Charles Denzler
27 Jun 2011
Bob, I'm surprized you didn't mention Steve Gibson's excellent program 'SpinRite,' which can often recover seemingly dead hard drives. Also may be run on functioning drives to preclude failures. Go to www.grc.com for more info.
Posted by:
kenny
29 Jun 2011
Bob my system dosent go into safemode, it logs off the user as sooon as it it shows the desktop screen, and i really need to get the data in it, pls i need help, anyone please email me on kenennafrank@yahoo.com please thank you...i will be waiting
Posted by:
Bob Dawes
10 Jul 2011
I have recovered a lot of "dead" hard drives and follow a lot of Bob's techniques. Here are a couple of my additional procedures:
1) Use a Linux Live CD to see if you can access the file system and copy important folders and files before proceeding with more destructive processes.
2) Use HDD Re-generator ($$$) to rebuild the hard drive. It creates a bootable CD as one of its features.
3) If all else fails, try putting the hard drive in the freezer for a couple or hours and then install it and work quickly. You may have to repeat this to recover a lot of data.
4) Check ebay and the internet for replacement circuit boards for your specific hard drive. A lot of failures are caused by power problems in the attached circuit board.
Posted by:
Ed
10 Jul 2011
I've recovered lots of peoples data by adding the bad drive as a data drive in a known running computer. After I put the drive in I'll run a virus scan on it. Then I'll copy files to an extrenal hard drive. I've even use this method when the techs told me the drive was dead.
I was at least able get the pictures and important files off of it.
Posted by:
Ken Mitchell
07 Jan 2012
Freeze it!
If your drive is 'toast', you can sometimes - SOMETIMES - get it to work long enough to recover SOME data from it. Remove the drive, wrap it in a dry towel, and put it in the freezer. Leave it there for a couple of hours, and then plug it in. No guarantees, but I've had several drives that have "failed" in which freezing them bought me just enough time to recover some valuable data.
And Murphy's Law says that a hard drive is most likely to fail when backups have NOT been done, so you can prevent failures by doing backups, right?
Posted by:
Greg Meyer
19 Apr 2012
I have a failed drive. I'd like a second opinion. I received the following report from company x. The drive was simply dropped. I think this is BS. comments?
thanks
----->
Thank you for choosing as us as your data retrieval provider, our engineers have recently updated your case and have requested that you are updated. As the last update was that our engineers have handed your case off to our senior retrieval specialists for further efforts in recovering your media. Our senior retrieval specialists have spent several hours attempting to retrieve the data, however they seem to have exhausted their efforts in the retrieval process and have concluded the recovery as unsuccessful. While all physical issues within your media had been bypassed, our senior retrieval specialists cannot keep the drive in an operable stable state to finish a successful, full clone of the volume. The components within the media had been swapped and replaced many times, only to perish when the copy process is resumed. Some clone copies of your drive were retrieved, however they are not full, and hold what our industry calls 'rubbish files'. The senior recovery specialists cannot determine the cause of the constant failure of swapped components, however it may be surface damage on the platters of the media that is at the microscopic level, and unfortunately there has yet to an established method for repairing damage on a such a small scale. These cases are extremely rare, and we assure you that our team of engineers had done everything in their power to retrieve the data. At this point, you may choose to either have the drive sent back to you at your current billing address, or we may securely dispose of the drive through our NSA certified hardware.
EDITOR'S NOTE: Why do you think they're not telling the truth? What would be their motivation? Dropping a drive can do a lot of damage. Why not have them send it back, and try another recovery service?